Bernie Sanders calls White House allegations of Social Security fraud and waste 'a prelude not only to cutting benefits, but to privatizing.' How outsourced Social Security might work

Why lawmakers are talking about privatizing Social Security

This wouldn’t be the first time politicians have attempted to privatize Social Security. Back in 2005, former president George W. Bush floated the idea of creating privatization accounts, in which workers could divert a third of their payroll taxes into a private account. It did not go over well.

What’s different this time? A false narrative that the current program is rife with waste and fraud.

Elon Musk, who spearheads the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), told Fox News that Social Security was “a mechanism by which the Democrats attract and retain illegal immigrants by essentially paying them to come here and then turning them into voters.”

In late February, Musk told podcaster Joe Rogan that Social Security is the “biggest Ponzi scheme of all time,” and accused the program of fraud and abuse.

President Donald Trump has reiterated Musk’s false assertion that millions of dead people are receiving Social Security checks.

Under the Biden administration, the SSA’s Office of the Inspector General conducted Social Security audits of payments from 2015 and 2022 and found that most improper payments were overpayments — not payments to dead Americans.

The office uncovered $72 billion in improper payments, but while that sounds like a lot, it’s less than 1% of the total benefits distributed over seven years.

“So why do you lie so much about Social Security? Why do you make it look like it’s a broken, dysfunctional system?” Sanders asked in the CNN interview. “The reason is to get people to lose faith in the system, and then you can give it over to Wall Street.”

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Pros and cons of privatization

Social Security has been under the microscope for years, thanks to a long-term funding shortfall. If nothing is done, it will run short of funds by 2034, with only enough to pay beneficiaries 79% of their scheduled benefits.

The program is funded by employers and employees through payroll taxes (each paying 6.2% of the employee’s earnings, while self-employed workers pay the full amount).

But with fewer working-age Americans and a record number of baby boomers retiring, , those payroll taxes aren’t producing enough revenue to keep pace with demand.

There are a number of options for making up this shortfall, such as raising the retirement age, eliminating the taxable income cap or raising payroll tax rates.

A vast majority (85%) of Americans polled in a National Academy of Social Insurance survey (NASI) want their Social Security benefits to remain intact — even if it means raising taxes.

Advocates of privatization believe the private sector could do a better job managing the program. Privatization would involve diverting payroll tax contributions into self-directed private accounts.

Proponents say this would give workers more options and allow them to make better investment decisions. For example, they could increase their contributions so they could build up their retirement funds faster.

Advocates say it could result in better investment returns. Currently, Social Security funds are invested in low-risk government bonds, which are guaranteed by the U.S. government.

Critics of privatization say it carries more risk. Rep. John Larson (D-Conn), pointed out in an interview with CNBC that people’s 401(k) plans dropped in value alongside the stock market crash of 2008 — but Social Security never missed a payment.

Another consideration is the cost of the transition.

“Social Security has accumulated trillions of dollars in liabilities to workers who are already retired or who will retire soon,” according to Brookings research. “To make room for a new private system, policymakers must find funds to pay for these liabilities while still leaving young workers enough money to deposit in new private accounts.”